In India, over 1 000 000 people are moderately or severely burnt
every year according to WHO fact sheet, 2016.
The most common form of burn is a thermal burn. These burns
result from exposure to hot liquids, steam, fire and other hot objects. The
severity of the burn is determined by several factors. These factors include
this size of the area affected, how deep the burn is, the age and current
health status of the burn victim and the area of the body affected.
During exposure to the heat source, the tissues, cells and
capillaries become extremely permeable which leads to significant pain and
swelling in and around the area of injury. The level of injury to include
nerves, muscle and possibly bone. This extension of the injury leads to increased
swelling and pain. Widening of blood vessels (vasodilation) leads to extreme
shifts in bodily fluid and more swelling.
Severe thermal burns may result in loss of limb, irreversible
tissue necrosis, life threatening, infection or loss of life.
HBOT speeds the healing of burns while reducing the risk of
infection by the following mechanisms:
§ Constricting blood
vessels (vasoconstriction) to limit the amount of fluid loss so wounded cells
do not dry out and die.
§ Preventing shock or
circulatory failure produced by massive fluid loss.
§ Reducing the amount of
replenishing fluids required.
§ Establishing a new
network of capillaries and blood vessels to help nourish the damaged tissue and
remove extra waste.
§ Providing extra oxygen to
stimulate the reproduction/growth of healthy cells.
§ Encouraging cells from
healthy tissue to migrate to the wounded area to help with healing.
§ Inhibiting wound
infection, both by increasing the number and function of white blood cells and
by increasing the effectiveness of antibiotics given.
§ Reducing the rate of
complications.
§ Aiding in the survival of
skin grafts and flaps.
§ Increasing the growth of
new skin.
§ Helping to treat and
reduce other complications that often accompany burns, such as smoke inhalation
and carbon monoxide poisoning.
All of these factors help to speed the healing and increase the
survival rate among burn patients. Studies have shown that hospitalization and
mortality rates among severely burned patients who receive HBOT were reduced by
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